Of the certificate cases, no, there have not been. They all come from countries where country reports by reputable organizations would say there is some risk of torture. But beyond this general analysis of the country conditions, there needs to be an individualized assessment of whether the individual in question is truly at serious risk of torture.
In some of our cases, the delegate of the Minister of Citizenship and Immigration has come to the view that the individual in question does not face a substantial risk of torture—that torture exists in the country of origin, but that the individual in question is not personally at risk of torture—and this would provide a reason to remove.