Thank you, Madam Chair.
I want to get something really clear in my own mind. I look at the minister's bill and I do believe the minister has set a framework to establish a double tier of refugees.
To highlight that, I'm going to emphasize that the 1951 refugee convention, of which Canada is a signatory, states that countries like Canada cannot impose penalties with regard to how a refugee obtains entry into a country, because it is recognized that refugees often breach immigration laws.
Does applying a five-year ban on obtaining permanent residence and, consequently, travel documents to those deemed as designated foreign nationals but found to be genuine refugees under the convention not amount to a penalty?