Thank you. It's a really important question. I would underscore that it's not limited to the question of the Rohingya. As you would have seen in Tanzania, it's very similar to the Burundian refugee situation. This is the third time in my lifetime that we've seen a major flow of the Rohingya from Bangladesh, and likewise the Burundians into Tanzania.
I think, really, three things are necessary.
First and foremost—and this is something we're learning—responses to refugees don't purely mean that they physically return home but that there is a stable process of reintegration. It goes back to the question of what integration and reintegration mean. It's reliable legal status and recourse before the law, but also the ability to provide for a livelihood in terms of economic opportunities, land rights and the rest.
Second, I think it speaks more generally to the way we approach the Rohingya and the way we approach most refugee situations. It's been demonstrated over 25 years that taking a purely humanitarian approach—providing basic needs to refugees while they're in exile and hope beyond hope that eventually they'll go home—doesn't work. This is the need to link not just the humanitarian and the development responses, but in the case of the Rohingya it's very much linking the humanitarian and the development with the diplomatic, with the governance, with all of the questions in terms of how the international community engages with the core commitments of the UN charter.
The simple answer, in terms of where Canada can lead, is not to look for the quick exit on the Rohingya situation, but to recognize that it's not just addressing the urgent humanitarian needs, which are clearly there, but also to engage in a process of dialogue to realize the principles of the UN charter in terms of fundamental freedoms and access to citizenship rights within Myanmar.
Now, it seems laughable to say, “Let's have a conversation with the regime in Myanmar in terms of citizenship rights.” This is an issue that long predates any of our engagement in this particular refugee situation. It goes back hundreds of years. However, until there is a point where that threshold of being able to enjoy meaningful legal rights has been met, we cannot say that any return is purely voluntary.