I think there have always been displaced persons. We've made, however, some legal distinctions, so a refugee has to be somebody who crosses a border in search of protection against persecution.
Internally displaced people are affected by exactly the same conditions—conflicts, starvation, extermination, police brutality, whatever the case may be—but they don't get as far as the border. That's why we think it's really important that the reform process, for which the compact will hopefully be a catalyst, will begin to incorporate these questions of internally displaced persons.
You would be interested to know that the first time I heard the notion of responsibility to protect was when Francis Deng was the UN special representative for displaced persons back in the mid-1990s. He put forward the idea that if countries are not able or willing to protect citizens with their proper rights, then there is an international community responsibility that goes with it.
Interestingly enough, we were able to take that concept and sort of fast-forward it into something that now is entrenched in the UN system, if not always applied, and it simply shows that the problem of displaced people goes back until certainly the thing that Envoy Deng identified for me when I was in foreign affairs as something that really had to be done.
Unfortunately, with the way the negotiating process goes around the compact, that wasn't really allowed to come in as one of the central agenda points. That's why we're saying, now that we've got a platform, which the compact can provide, that we have to build on it and build the more tailored responses to the very specific and concrete issues that are found throughout the world but that are also very different in their impacts.