Yes, great question. I think the challenges are diverse but they all wrap around the fact that their fundamental needs while they were in Afghanistan were challenging for them to meet.
I have stories from people who lived there who said that performing funeral rites was out of the question for them because they were not allowed. In Sikh tradition, you cremate the remains. That was not allowed. Children were not allowed to go to school. Women were not able to go anywhere except when they were wearing the burka. They were not able to practise religious gatherings. Most often when they would be gathered together there was fear of either a bomb or violence towards people who were taking part. If shopkeepers were found to be not Muslim, they were then used for something as horrible as being urinated on. In some cases, if there was a restaurant that had hot oil, that hot oil was spilt on them.
There have also been examples given of where people were kidnapped and held for ransom. One father used the example of not being able to take his little girl with him into the main market area because he was afraid the little girl would be taken away and harmed in ways that you would never want your daughter to be harmed by other men. Those are just some of the examples, and that effect has lingered with them even now that they are in India. One of the volunteers who went there, Hamreet Bains, mentions how children do not even simply know how to play outside because they have ingrained in them the fear of not being able to leave their homes and be safe.