I'll just add two other things. Other than 117(9)(d), the two other issues that I didn't have time to talk about are the definition of biological child and the use of DNA to test this. There needs to be a greater understanding, given technology and our understanding of families today. We need to relook at the definition of a biological child.
The other thing is that it is my that understanding that IRCC has scaled back on the kind of data it's providing on the processing of family reunification or sponsorship applications, especially regional information. There should be a greater access to this kind of information so that persons working in the field can assess the disparities and any issues that need to be taken up.