Thank you very much, Madam Chair.
Thank you to the witnesses for their presentations.
I want to follow up on a question to Ms. Ali. Based on the Pollara report, it was indicated by staff who did the interview that those racist attitudes could have an implication for refusal rates. When you look at the refusal rates for certain countries—particularly from African countries from the global south—it really does indicate that there's a huge discrepancy in terms of approvals and rejections.
I'd like to ask what your thoughts are on this concern playing out with the racist attitudes that are embedded within IRCC, for some of the processing officers, and the end result of the refusal rates. Given this reality, what recommendations do you have for the committee to address this concern?