An argument could be made.... I have another paper from 2020 in the Canadian Journal of Economics that looked at the temporary foreign worker program. It used data from around the time of the Harper government, not from the most recent period. We came up with a theoretical model and empirical evidence that suggested the temporary foreign worker program could be suppressing and lowering wages.
I think the bigger concern, probably, is whether we see wage growth. Are we stopping the wage growth? Is it lowering wages? I'm not so sure. However, I would be concerned that wages are not growing, that so-called labour shortages are becoming chronic and that we're relying on temporary foreign worker programs and on less-skilled permanent immigration to solve a problem that is addressed in many countries just through wage growth.
At the same time, I hear well-intentioned people complaining about poverty rates and income inequality. The best way to fix these problems is through wage growth. I'll stop there.