The article I referenced before was with Mikal Skuterud and Matthew Doyle. It was something we started around that time, so it's possible it was an early version of the paper.
We were concerned about the growing levels of permanent immigration. What ended up becoming a bigger problem was the extraordinary growth of temporary migration. Both changes combined really led to a surge in the population, which is really unprecedented—since the fifties, anyway. I think it strained our ability to settle.
I am sympathetic to the challenges of my colleague here. It must be extremely difficult. It's a mixture of levels, which I know is a different part of the study. However, it is also selection.
My colleague mentioned, completely correctly, that labour force growth is going to come from immigration, but it's not just the number of workers that matters. It's also earnings. If we're trying to fund social programs, it's not the number of people but how successful they are.
I want to make it really clear that I am talking about economic programs. I strongly support refugee programs. We need services to support refugees and family class. I'd just like us to need them less for economic immigrants.