I'll comment briefly on the idea of having designated countries.
A designated country-of-origin policy was contained in the Balanced Refugee Reform Act of 2010. To me, that's significant because that was during a minority Parliament, and it was legislation that was passed with the support of all parties in the House of Commons. It contained a variation on a way of partially restricting access to Canada's asylum system on the basis that the claimant may be coming from a safe, or relatively safe, country. It's an idea that has had some success in Canada's Parliament previously.