Thank you, Madam Chair.
Professor Grubel, when I was looking at your impressive body of work over the years, it wasn't until later, after I read about some of the things you've been doing, that I saw you were a member of Parliament. That was a bit of a surprise to me. I'm happy to engage with you today.
In your policy history, you have tended to focus on fiscal responsibility, labour market competition, infrastructure constraints and selective, economically driven immigration.
I'm from the Niagara region in Ontario, and we see first-hand the pressures you have written about: housing shortages, strained infrastructure and employment, balancing labour needs with stagnant wages in key sectors. That lived reality raises a couple of fundamental questions.
I wonder if you could walk the committee through your framework for assessing what you refer to as the net fiscal impact of immigration. What variables matter most, and how should policy-makers interpret those results?