Thank you, Madam Chair.
My questions are initially addressed to Dr. Brunner.
First of all, thank you very much for recognizing the problems that we currently have, or have had in the past 10 years, with the student immigration and student permit program.
I want to provide some background to my question that's coming. You were the lead author on a 2025 paper in which you compared the higher education institutions of Australia, Canada and Germany from 1990 to 2019 with regard to their roles in immigration governance. I couldn't help but notice that in your summary of Australia's 2011 strategic review of student visa programs, the main policy issue faced by Australia over a decade ago maps closely to what Canada is facing today.
Your summary of the problem faced by Australia in 2011 was that the “[t]arnished reputation of [the] Australian [education] sector” was due to the “growth of unscrupulous private colleges [and] 'non-genuine' [international students] using education as a pathway for immigration”.
In your discussion in this report, I see statements that track to present-day Canada, such as, one, international students “were exploited by private education providers and agents”; two, “student visa program integrity was at stake”; and three, “the quality of education was perceived to diminish at some” institutions.
Given your understanding of the evolving migration policy landscape in Australia and Canada as tied to higher education institutions, my question to you relates to their trajectories.
Do you agree that there is a time delay parallel between Australia and Canada related to the international students in the policy domain where education meets immigration? If so, what lessons can Canada learn from the crisis Australia faced in 2011?