In Scandinavian countries and in Russia, there is hunting, a lot of fishing and also herding, including reindeer herding. The herding is based on traditional models. The people have the knowledge they need to manage hundreds and thousands of animals, and their economic model is perfectly sustainable.
I can give you a few examples. In the far east corner of Russia, for example, in the Anadyr region of Tchukotka, herding is very common and is entirely managed by local communities. I could give you other examples of fishing communities in northern Norway, where the people have taken control of decisions regarding the fishing season, fishing quotas, fishing waters and so on.
These models work just as well or even better than those drawn up by biologists from central governments. Not only are these models successful, but the people are proud to have their knowledge validated.