I think the federal government got the framework right. The Agreement on Internal Trade was the right starting point to make a political commitment to try to reduce the barriers. It frankly is a matter of how much energy you're going to bring to the table. I think the current finance minister's efforts to try to come up with one national securities regulator, for example, is clearly a step in the right direction.
It's almost like asking where you can make the most progress. Can you find allies at the provincial level to try to move the whole dialogue forward? Can you point to areas where the gaps are huge and, frankly, use almost the bully pulpit to embarrass provinces to have further degrees of alignment? Ultimately there is federal authority, constitutional authority, to use in effect a nuclear weapon to bring about a national economy. I don't think there's any appetite across the country right now to do that, but I think constantly shedding light on the irrationality of barriers, based upon things like chiropractic standards....
That's a fascinating story, because.... I find the TILMA really quite an interesting agreement. It's about trade, investment, and labour mobility, but on the investment side, the two provinces actually haven't agreed to a common securities regulator, which is of course what Minister Flaherty is trying to do. More importantly, if you look in the annex there are 63 categories--and I suspect chiropractors are in there--going from acupuncturist to water well drillers, and they're now talking about coming up with common standards and common recognition processes for these 63 categories over a three-year roll-in period. The fact that it's going to take three years across such a huge array is really quite instructive.
The federal government probably has to be there, constantly applying pressure by identifying areas where there are huge gaps and where progress could be made fairly quickly, trying to use its facilitating powers to bring the provinces together, and pointing to the benefits in productivity and competitiveness of having a single national standard. That has happened, as I pointed out, in Europe. It's really striking to look at the European experience and then at the lack of progress in Canada over the last 10 or 20 years.