I could add that the interface between university and industry is highly variable in Canada right now. In some places and with some programs, it works quite well, and in other places it doesn't work at all. That's an area in which we could do a lot more and try to be more uniform.
It's true about university technology transfer offices; better yet is active collaboration by bringing industry in at the research stage. Industry will decide what makes sense and what doesn't in terms of going further, but often now I think there are Canadian companies that aren't even engaged, and that's maybe a missed opportunity.