To understand where the library money is going, you have to understand the shifting landscape by digital disruption. There has been a profound shift in the types of contents that are being used in and purchased by libraries. One good analogy is that it's very similar to the transition that the music industry went through a couple of year ago. In the music industry, you used to buy individual MP3s and CDs, and now a lot of people are buying monthly subscriptions and getting all their music in that way, from Apple Music and Spotify. Libraries have also gone through that profound shift. Most of the money spent by university libraries isn't going to individual purchases of individual books; they're going to large corporations, and these corporations aren't often publishing scholarly works, literary works or textbooks.
Most of that money is going to five major corporations—Elsevier, Springer, Taylor & Francis, Wiley, and SAGE. They're really dominating the scholarly journal market, and they're pushing up price subscriptions. This is a major issue for academia, but it's not necessarily directly related to copyright. We feel the government can help in that regard. We'd encourage you to continue to promote open access, openly available materials. Open government initiative for crown materials is another great example of how you can keep providing support. Enhance the capacity of Canadian scholars to publish in locally run journals. Other ways that we would consider helpful, because so much of our content is licensed now, would be any ways we can use the exceptions in the act for licensed material. If we have a contract that protects works, it would be useful if we could have an override or legal ways of accessing information, like fair dealing. Or if those works are protected by technical protection measures, it would be useful if circumvention were allowed for legal purposes like fair dealing.