I'll give you a couple of points, given the time I have.
First of all, he said that there's no repertoire, and I've already dealt with that. Boards have certified tariffs, and they've looked at the repertoire. To say that they have no repertoire is just not right.
Second, the board, Mr. Graham and everyone else, has taken into account in certifying tariffs.... When a board certifies a tariff, they look at the usage across the sector—whatever it is, education or others. They take into account fair dealing, and they take into account other licence uses, and where there are reproductions they exclude those from considering the rates. In one tariff, they concluded that fair dealing was 60%, so they set the rate based on 40%, a much lower rate.
Access Copyright collects—or used to collect, or had a right under the tariffs to collect—against institutions the amount of the tariff, so what we have going here is a mechanism whereby individual authors and individual publishers cannot make a claim for royalties. They need to collectively license. The Access Copyright regime was something that worked well, until 2012. Authors were being paid, and publishers were being paid, Then it dried up, and it dried up as—