I have a similar answer.
We work with regulated financial institutions, both federally and provincially. They're accountable to their regulators and to the government for consumer protection. It's not our rules that enforce that, but we do have provisions in our rules to remove someone from Visa and from their membership if they violate those terms, particularly in a sustained way.
I'm not aware of any issues in Canada where we've had to take action, but that's the compliance framework that we run.
I would also add, and this is something that I think is relevant for this committee also, the code of conduct for the payments card industry in Canada. We co-operate with the FCAC, the Financial Consumer Agency of Canada, to ensure that those rules are promulgated. That's not a consumer protection framework, but it does ensure market conduct for acquirers that deal with merchants to ensure that they have rights when it comes to those payment relationships and contracts.
