Thanks very much for those important questions.
As to the role of Mohammad bin Salman, ALQST have certainly documented a substantial shift in the scope and scale of the crackdown in Saudi Arabia since he assumed power, effectively in 2017.
As for the widening of the targeting against human rights defenders—in the 2000s and in recent years—there has always been a crackdown on dissent, but it really escalates in scale, including the targeting of women in particular. I mentioned beforehand how some of these women have faced reprisals in the past, such as in the 1990s and with the arrests of Loujain and Eman al-Nafjan in the early 2010s. However, there was some restraint in the attacks on them, such as torture, which historically has not been so prevalent in Saudi Arabia compared with neighbouring countries. You see, in practices like this, torture and sexual violence are really quite unprecedented.
On the second question, on the space for women human rights defenders, when dozens of women human rights defenders were targeted last year, the ones who were targeted were really the most prominent ones. There aren't really any other defenders out there in Saudi Arabia anymore. In the latest wave of arrests just last week, I think there are now 10 confirmed arrests of slightly less prominent activists, including one or two women.
Just to conclude, I would say that the space is really at an all-time low. Obviously, we'll see how the trial at the moment pans out. The release of three of the women is a positive sign. However, much more needs to be done.