I would emphasize, first of all, that there is a difference between collective sanctions, which hurt the average Iranian, and targeted sanctions, which go after the centres of power and influence. I realize that sanctions are often a blunt instrument, but I think we need to be looking at targeted sanctions, which would help empower, rather than further marginalize, the already miserable masses in Iran, who are really struggling now to simply survive.
Having said that, I think it's really a question of exacting a cost for human rights violations beyond the annual resolutions that are adopted by the UN General Assembly. When you exact costs on particular individuals who are benefiting, in effect, from systemic criminality, then I think we can begin to create a space for civil society and other progressive forces within Iran.