We really have an economy of time here. Thank you for that.
You will agree with me that “planned” or “deliberate” and “involved in gang activity” are not mutually exclusive. This gives the crown one of two choices in proving a first-degree murder charge. If Bill C-14 becomes law, the crown can prove planning and deliberation, which it's always been able to do, or the crown can go an entirely different route and attempt to prove it was involved in a gang activity.