Thank you and I want to thank all of the witnesses, in particular Pieter and James for your courageous testimony here this evening.
My first question is to Mr. Smith. In your testimony, you talked about the legislation needing to go back to the language of Carter. You then went on to cite advance directives. In the Carter decision, the Supreme Court set out certain parameters. The parameters that the court set out were that persons suffering from a grievous and irremediable condition who were suffering intolerably and gave their clear consent met the criterion for physician-assisted dying.
How does the language of Carter square with advance directives where you would not necessarily have a grievous and irremediable condition but the anticipation that you may have a grievous and irremediable condition, and you wouldn't necessarily be suffering intolerably?
You would be anticipating that you would suffer intolerably and there would be no clear consent, certainly no clear contemporaneous consent as contemplated by the court.