Thank you all so much for being here today and for all the work that you're doing to reduce and combat hate speech in your respective roles. I really do sincerely thank you, because without a kind of pan-Canadian, over-arching federal framework.... The work that you're doing is so important because it's informing us, but it's also helping Canadians to understand how to combat it and to identify it and what is available in the law.
We really are struggling in this committee because this is such an incredibly large topic, and there are so many important areas. It's difficult to know what to start with and where to begin the work that's necessary.
I thank you, Ms. Tworek, for some of the examples you shared with us in terms of what's happening in Germany, because the other piece of this is social media giants. We had Facebook here. We were attempting to bring Mark Zuckerberg here this week, and we couldn't even get him to come before a parliamentary committee, so how do we engage with these social media giants who don't view themselves as belonging to one country? They're global. They're the size of countries. It's a very significant challenge to try to talk about any forms of regulation when, quite frankly, they're even resisting to appear as witnesses.
I want to ask you about how you think the social media giants such as Facebook could improve the way they handle hate speech on their platforms, given the volume you've mentioned that exists. I'd like you to speak to that. Then, I would ask our other two panellists, how are you informing or helping the conversation in your communities around reporting? How do you make some transparency around that?
I'll start with Professor Tworek.