I have a two-part response if you'll be patient with me. I think the first is that if we're speaking specifically about YouTube and a platform where you're able to upload information, there isn't a process of verification/authentication, but you do need to provide some reference points for yourself as an uploader. This can be limited to an email address and some other data points, but it does create a bit of a marker, especially for law enforcement who may want to track back the behaviour of a particular video uploader.
One area we focus on, though, is that we're very conscious that many users rely on anonymity or pseudonymity to be able to take positions, especially in politically sensitive or socially heightened environments, particularly if they're advocates of a particular position using our platforms. The process of verification/authentication in those circumstances is actually detrimental to them.
What I will speak to is that in responding to incidents of hate and online violent extremist content, we have made conscious efforts both in Google Search and our Google News product, as well as YouTube, in the moments after a crisis especially, when there isn't a reliable, factual content available about the immediate crisis, to focus, as our responsibility, on the authenticity and authority of those sources that are reporting and commenting on the crisis.
Within our systems, particularly in YouTube, you will see that if you're looking at a particular incident, the other material that is recommended to you comes from reliable sources that you likely have had contact with before. We try to send those signals. In addition to making information that's relevant to your query available, we're trying to make it clear that we're also trying to provide that level of reassurance, if not certainty.