At the risk of stepping on the toes of my colleagues from the drugs and driving committee, and since the chair doesn't sit that far from me in my lab and I'm very afraid of her, the answer is no.
We don't have any viable technologies available of this nature. My colleagues on drugs and driving are before committees now discussing saliva testing for the presence of other types of drugs that can cause impairment, but breath testing is generally confined to drugs that are volatile and will be on the breath—in other words, alcohol.