May I just add one additional element? Canada is blessed to have a quite remarkable legal search tool called CanLII, which gathers cases from all across the country. This morning I took it upon myself to enter the search term “gender identity” in CanLII, and what I found was 4,091 hits: decisions from Ontario, from courts, from workplace compensation tribunals from the Northwest Territories, and others. I entered the search terms “gender identity and expression” this morning and came back with 2,266 hits.
There is ample jurisprudence working through specific cases and practical examples from human rights tribunals, from courts, from other related bodies. These aren't academic articles and otherwise that are being cited; these are all decisions of one form or another, labour arbitrators or others. So there is an ample body of jurisprudence around what those terms mean that has been worked out case by case in particular circumstances.
That's how human rights law has generally evolved in Canada since 1960 when the first comprehensive law was adopted in Ontario.