We've done a comprehensive review of the Criminal Code, engaged with many academics. We conducted round tables across the country, and had working groups in terms of federal, provincial, and territorial ministers that have discussed this.
In terms of the redundant provisions, the offence of alarming Her Majesty under section 49 is a historical provision. It has its origins in mid-19th century England. Again, as with other redundant provisions, we're confident that there are other offences within the Criminal Code that would account for this type of behaviour, whether it be uttering threats or assaults or the like.