You're absolutely right. Coercive control, if it were an offence in Canada, we would see significant overlap. Even turning to—and I'll provide this to the committee as well—the U.K. Home Office's statutory guidance framework, it gives you a list of a variety of different conducts that should be considered risk factors or indicative of coercive control.
You'll note in that list that some of them are certainly criminal offences, uttering threats, violence and sexual-type offending. Even in Canada, we have the offence of non-consensual distribution of intimate images. That can be used to control other people. There are other types of conduct that really aren't criminal offences in and of themselves, but speak to an overall pattern of behaviour.
What we often see in the context of offences, which capture patterns of behaviour in terms of an individual case, is a variety of different charges being laid under different offences. That is quite common, and I would assume that would happen here. For example, depriving someone of their basic needs, isolating a person from friends or family, monitoring another person's time, a partner's time, all of this is considered by the U.K. to be coercive and controlling behaviour. If you were to couple that with uttering threats, with violent-type offences, then likely in a case like this, you would see a variety of different charges being laid.
I don't think there are necessarily clearly defined lines between offences. Certainly, we try to keep the conduct separate, conceptually, but there are overlaps among offences, and I would think there would be significant overlap with a case like coercive control. If we had that as an offence, and it were charged, I could see criminal harassment charges being laid, including assault, sexual assault and uttering threats, depending on the facts of the case.
I'm not sure if that answers your question, Mr. Fortin. You had three in there.