My answer will have three parts.
First, the problems raised by Ms. Samson are truly matters of concern. Those problems worry me a lot. I think that as elected representatives, you have to take them on. What I'm saying is that reducing minimum sentences isn't going to solve the problem. I'm not just saying that; I'm convinced of it, because I base my opinion on studies. As elected representatives, you should do that more. Nothing is easier for politicians than to pass a law that prescribes a minimum sentence. It's a solution of convenience.
But this is a complex problem that calls for investments, public health measures, education measures, and negotiations with indigenous communities. This problem requires that we take concrete steps. It's an extremely complex problem and it calls for more than passing a law prescribing minimum sentences. Otherwise, the wrong message is being sent to the public.
Second, I'm going to talk about the idea that adopting a minimum sentence sends a message of deterrence and denunciation. In fact, in empirical terms, that has never been proved. Most people have no idea what minimum sentences are in force in Canada. When minimum sentences are enacted, people don't really know which one applies to what, and when it applies. So we really can't rely on that.
Third, I don't know what you are going to decide to do. As a professor, I give you the information I have and I'm sure of what I'm saying. Your role as legislators involves constraints that I am not subject to.
One thing for certain is that if you decide to keep minimum sentences in certain cases, you should also provide a possibility of making an exception to them in exceptional circumstances. In fact, that is what my colleague, Mr. Henry, suggests. In other words, you prescribe a minimum sentence, but you give discretion back to judges not to apply it in exceptional circumstances. Exceptional circumstances do exist. The reality is complex, and it isn't just hardened criminals who sell guns to children. The courts have to manage all sorts of situations, and sometimes it is not appropriate to apply a minimum sentence.