I just want to jump in and clarify one thing. Ms. McPherson is 100% correct. None of these activities is prohibited. Humanitarian assistance, development assistance and all of that can continue and should. The law against terrorist financing remains in place. Channelling funds to a terrorist organization will always be illegal.
The intention of this amendment is that, where an organization or a government actor finds themselves in a situation where payment to a terrorist organization cannot be avoided—airport fees, taxation, other service fees because an organization is substantially or fully in control, and I absolutely defer to my colleague from Justice on the use of the word “substantially”—they will not be held liable for payments they cannot avoid.
It's not about saying what someone can and cannot do in a country. It simply says we will protect them. For that reason, I would suggest that it's in everyone's interest to make this as broad and applicable as possible so that cases can be assessed, and there's enough scope to provide authorizations as broadly as we possible can.