Perhaps I could give an example.
The army has a requirement for certain direct-fire weapons, and there are only several of these built in the world. The intellectual property of how they're built is very closely guarded by these countries. I can't write a specification that tells this company how to build that specific weapons system.
We have run processes that have gone on for several years, trying to design and write these enormous specifications, and it cost a lot of money. It cost the several firms that bid millions of dollars. Then these firms missed the mandatories in the hundreds--not by one mandatory, but in the hundreds. That entire process--years and millions of dollars--was wasted.
I said to my staff to state what range that thing should shoot, whether it had to be transportable by two soldiers, whether it had to be on a tripod, whether it could be fired in an enclosed area--in other words, your key performance requirements. I told them to invite the two companies to bring their weapons and we would fire them and have real soldiers shoot them.