Thank you, Chair.
Thank you to you both for very excellent presentations.
Mr. Alexander, in some respects, anticipated a question I was interested in. The article 5 obligations under NATO and the responsibility to protect doctrine meet each other at the Turkish-Syrian border and at this point seem to be paralyzed by UN inaction or the inability of the UN to focus on a resolution, yet, ironically, the inability or unwillingness of the international community to intervene in Syria actually escalates the threat to Turkey. If the threat is escalated to Turkey, then presumably calls under section 5 might actually increase and get louder and louder.
My first question to you is this, Professor Welsh. What elements of the responsibility to protect doctrine or the new variation, which is responsibility while protecting, actually could be implemented now, absent a UN-sanctioned mandate?