To focus on the Arctic, in about the last decade and a half, or a bit more than that, we've seen incremental enhancements to our ability to operate in the Arctic. Certainly the new Arctic and offshore patrol ship that we have, which did a transit this summer, is giving us more ability to be more present there more of the time.
We absolutely need to move forward on a range of other initiatives that have been hanging up for a while, such as new icebreaker, to give us more of an ability to be there year-round and have better surveillance.
In the context of looking at threats from Russia and China in concert with the United States, modernizing the defence of the continent is now important, including but not limited to the modernization of NORAD. Part of that would look at renewing our submarine fleet, which is about to basically time out. I worry that, unless we really get moving on a new project, we won't have new submarines available before we have to unfortunately retire the ones we have now. Defending all three of our oceans against modern naval threats would require us to have new submarines.