Yes, absolutely. I'd be happy to do that. I'll start, and given that a lot of the investments are air force-related, I'll invite General Speiser-Blanchet to amplify as well.
From a NORAD modernization perspective, there's a huge focus on domain awareness. We have the Arctic over-the-horizon radar project that's set to come online in 2029 and is based in southern Ontario. We have the polar over-the-horizon radar system, which would be specifically located in the High Arctic and would come online a bit after that. There's still a bit more research and development to do to deal with some interference from the auroral oval in that part of the world.
There are additional sensors as well. We call them “crossbow”. Those are a bit more sensitive, so we won't be able to get into details at the moment on what those are.
There are really significant investments in command and control. With all of the data coming in from new and existing sensors, we need to enhance our ability to digest it using artificial intelligence and machine learning, and translate that into operationally useful information that will reduce decision time in the event of a crisis.
In addition to that, we're investing in air-to-air refuellers to extend the range of our fighter aircraft. There are really significant investments as well in our northern infrastructure, which Mr. Hammerschmidt could speak to in more detail.
More recently, in “Our North Strong and Free”, we're investing in underwater maritime sensors and uncrewed underwater vehicles to make sure we don't have blind spots in the underwater approaches to Canada and the Arctic. There are also airborne early warning and control aircraft, which are a real priority capability for NORAD in terms of commanding and controlling other fighter aircraft from the air and providing additional early warning capability.
We're putting in a new Arctic ground station to enhance the collection of intelligence in the Arctic. There are space projects for both polar communications and surveillance from space. Also, as you know, there's a project under way to replace our submarine fleet with a new fleet. That is progressing really well.
Those are a few examples, but if there's time, I would invite General Speiser-Blanchet to amplify, if I've missed anything.