I used to pretend to forecast economic numbers, and I wasn't very good at it, so I'm not going to pretend to be able to forecast technology either. But I will just refer to a couple of things that are here and tangible, and almost ready to go, and one of them is gasification.
The gasification of coal and the bottoms—the very sticky residue—involves essentially the same kind of problem, technologically. That technology has been around since the 19th century, but it's obviously getting better over time, and I think gasification is something that's very nearly ready for the marketplace. It could make a huge difference to the environmental footprint of energy use in North America, because when you gasify you have an opportunity to take out carbon dioxide—which will always have a cost, but you have the opportunity to do that—and take out some of the other air pollutants, the particulate matters, the NOx and the SOx, and so on. So gasification gives you an opportunity to dramatically reduce the footprint, both of coal and oil sands development.
The other piece in that is carbon dioxide capture and storage and the carbon dioxide pipeline. Again, I think this stuff is close.
Just to make a small correction, I never meant to say you can leave all of this to the market. I think there's a very important role for government in the regulation, but regulation can be done in a way that provides the market with the incentives it needs to do things it wouldn't otherwise do. With the right incentives, through the right kind of regulation, I think this could happen sooner rather than later.