I can partly answer that question. In Saskatchewan, the royalties differ based on the type of commodity you're mining. Your royalty structure for potash is different from your royalty structure for uranium, which is different from your coal royalty structure. They typically involve a graduated rate based on the price of the commodity. There are also base payments to ensure a stable form of government revenue as well. There are multiple factors and types of royalties.
I'd also like to mention that there are other opportunities, by means of which government is provided revenue outside of the direct royalty and taxation regime, through income tax related to the number of people who are working at the mine, and corporate tax as well, which is outside the royalty stream.