On your first question on solvents, this is learning from the past. In the late 1970s and early 1980s, Alberta led the world in the recovery of light oil, using propane or ethane in natural gas. Recovery factors in reservoirs—I first started doing this out of school in 1981—went from 50% to 70%. So it's taking a natural constituent, mobilizing the oil more effectively, and leaving less behind.
Those same principles can be applied to in situ or thermal recovery. You don't have to mobilize bitumen just with heat. You can do it with natural constituents from oil. Propane and butane are part of that process.
Your question on radio-frequency heating comes back to the early stage that we're in. Can we take a different form of energy to mobilize bitumen? We're quite excited about radio-frequency heating because, based on the work we have done to date with our partners, we can deliver more energy faster. We've tested the antennas. We have been at the Suncor mine face to put in a horizontal well to demonstrate that we can propagate the energy, that we can heat the oil, and we are now moving to doing it underground. We're probably five to seven years away.
But the “can you imagine?” component is this: what if we went to the limit, that is, no steam, no water, electrical energy driving radio frequency to mobilize bitumen in the reservoir and supplement that with a natural constituent such as propane or butane? It would be a very elegant answer.