It depends on the pest, on the insect, I guess. If it's an invasive insect, then there are roles for the Canadian Food Inspection Agency and Natural Resources Canada. If it's a native insect in the forest, there's probably a provincial government role, largely, in determining what's done with it. If it's within a municipality, there's a strong municipal role.
I was discussing the specific case of the spruce budworm and our early intervention research project. In the past, if it was spraying insecticide to try to keep trees alive in a reactive mode, it probably would be concentrated largely on Crown land, provincial Crown land and on industrial land and less so on private woodlots, but maybe somewhat on that. It depends on the insect.