Good afternoon, Chair and committee members. I'm Lisa McDonald, executive director of the Prospectors and Developers Association of Canada. I thank you for the opportunity to speak to the committee today.
As the leading voice of the mineral exploration and development sector in Canada, PDAC represents more than 7,200 members. Our work focuses on fostering a responsible and competitive mineral industry. Mineral exploration and mining form a cornerstone of our economy, employing over 700,000 Canadians and contributing in excess of $100 billion to our GDP in 2020. It is the largest private sector industrial employer of indigenous people on a proportional basis in Canada, and a key partner of indigenous businesses from coast to coast to coast.
Discovery of new deposits is an essential part of the mineral industry value chain. Over the last decade, more than $15 billion has been spent by companies exploring for minerals and metals in Canada. Mineral exploration is a significant economic driver in many northern and remote parts of the country through employment, procurement of services and providing development opportunities for the future. This sector is uniquely positioned to play a key role in reigniting critical parts of Canada's economy as we look beyond the COVID-19 pandemic.
The pandemic has reminded us of the resiliency of our mineral industry, as many companies were able to quickly adapt to find ways to safely operate. It has also reminded us of the value of infrastructure, and how northern and remote regions in Canada suffer from a deficit in transportation and telecommunications links. In fact, Natural Resources Canada estimates that mineral exploration in our three territories dropped by 50% in 2020 versus the year prior, whereas spending in Ontario and Quebec actually increased over the same period.
To ensure that all of Canada can recover from this pandemic, governments must focus on fiscal and regulatory frameworks that support the competitiveness of our mineral industry and development of the infrastructure needed to build back stronger. If something is not grown, it is either recycled or mined. The things that Canadians rely on each day, the inputs of modern society, come directly from the mineral industry. Our industry expertise, vast resources and potential for further discoveries mean that Canada is well positioned to become the global supplier of choice for the clean technology and renewable energy sectors, and lead our transition towards a low-carbon future.
However, mineral exploration is a complex process with low odds of success. Only about one in 10,000 mineral claims reach an advanced exploration stage, and just one in 1,000 advanced-stage projects become mines. Junior exploration companies do the bulk of this high-risk capital-intensive work, and account for upwards of 70% of all mineral discoveries made in Canada. However, new discoveries in Canada are in decline, with grassroots exploration down by roughly 75% over the last decade.
To become the global supplier of choice, Canada must encourage more investment in grassroots exploration and the search for new critical mineral deposits. To do so, we recommend that the government work with industry to improve the effectiveness of the flow-through share incentive and increase the mineral exploration tax credit from 15% to 30% in each province and from 15% to 40% in each territory, as these two mechanisms combine to generate roughly two-thirds of all funds raised for exploration in Canada.
The government also plays a critical role by facilitating public geoscience. Research by Ernst & Young in 2019 showed that every dollar in public geoscience spending by the government in recent programs has generated more than seven times that in overall economic benefit to Canada. PDAC recommends that the federal government take advantage of this value proposition by creating a new funding mechanism to support comprehensive provincial and territorial mineral resource assessments, based on geoscientific evidence, to identify and incorporate critical mineral potential into infrastructure, land management and conservation decision-making.
Thank you for your time today.