You're absolutely right about the historical memory. The indigenous communities remember the very serious problems in the past.
How do you get ahead of this?
I think the grand chief has described something really important. Start the process really early on. In fact, we put a lot of the burden on the mining companies. Governments can play a major role in sort of going through northern Quebec, Yukon or parts of northern Saskatchewan, reviewing the landscape ahead of time and figuring out where those no-go zones are. There are places that are culturally important, that are critical for harvesting. There's not going to be mining in those locations, places like the Peel River. There are proposals for mining in the Peel River valley. It took decades to figure out that you couldn't go there.
You could actually deal with all of that potential conflict up front. Talk ahead of time with the first nations. Find out where the hunting grounds are and where the cultural sites are. Where are the places we should go? Do that work ahead of time so that the mining companies have a clearer tapestry as to where they can actually operate.