The deeper retrofits in particular—which take an envelope-first approach, and so a building's exterior, to help reduce demand and then the size and cost of the mechanical equipment, including operating costs—can help with lowering that....
I'm sorry, but let me just step back a moment. As I mentioned, the deeper those retrofits are, the bigger the upfront costs. They are higher than those of standard non-energy efficiency retrofits. However, in our work and from what we're seeing in the market, insurance is responding by starting to explore rate offerings or insurance offerings that recognize the avoided risk of extreme climate events. We're also seeing financial firms come to the table to look at how they can quantify non-energy benefits—things like greater comfort in the building, which can lead to greater tenant retention and lower turnover, all of which help to increase either the operating income or the revenue of the building and then help offset those upfront costs. The financial and insurance systems are maturing quickly in that respect and really looking at how they can help lower those costs of retrofits and new construction.
