Back when I was the deputy minister of this department, it was organized differently. Now it's two separate departments. Jim Flaherty was Minister of Finance then, and the budgets I had were about a third of what they are now.
I think one of the lessons of the last decade is that this government has almost tripled spending on services for indigenous communities. Yet improvements are very slow in coming. This suggests that something is missing, and that far-reaching structural reform is needed.