I would like to add another source. It is the Journal of International Law and Politics, a prestigious publication.
There was an article published on the level of confidentiality required in contracts associated with COVID‑19; it is very interesting. It is in English. So I'll read an excerpt in the language of Shakespeare:
The level of redactions required by the NDAs on COVID vaccine procurement contracts is unprecedented. When comparing prior vaccine contracts with COVID-19 vaccine contracts between the same country and pharmaceutical company, the COVID-19 vaccine contracts have nearly fifty times as many redactions.
The NDAs allow pharmaceutical companies to hold an unfair advantage over the price of vaccines. For example, AstraZeneca sold vaccines to South Africa at 2.5 times the price per dose that European governments paid.
By conditioning desperately needed vaccines on the signing of NDA agreements, pharmaceutical companies force governments to violate both international standards of transparency and their own domestic law on transparency in public procurements, in order to protect the lives of their citizens.
I repeat, the government must represent the people, not the pharmaceutical companies.
If the drug companies abused their position during the pandemic, they should pay for it, and they should defend their uncompetitive and abusive practices.
All parties should work together and agree that these pharmaceutical companies and agreements need to be scrutinized.