Thank you for the question.
I did not necessarily mention the Beijing regime first on purpose. I just wanted to mention that in our cyber-threat assessment published in the autumn of 2024, which is valid for two years, we clearly stated that we see certain states taking an interest in Canada. Yes, we name China, but we also name other actors such as Iran and Russia, among others.
With regard to our assessment of cyber-threats at the time, we certainly said that China is indeed a very sophisticated and capable actor. However, that does not always mean that, even if it is a Chinese actor, it is necessarily linked to the state. We know that there are also cyber-criminals. In fact, in the same publication, we said that the actions of cyber-criminals are also significant in terms of cyber-threats to Canada and around the world.
We have published several other documents in which we have said that we have seen actors. This is part of what we do to try to ensure that Canada and critical infrastructure are aware of how to protect themselves.