That is a very good question, Chair.
In fact, Public Safety itself has a directorate or division dedicated exclusively to training, both from the standpoint of an emergency response to crises—ice, floods, fires, and so on—and from the national security standpoint. The department runs various levels of training, and their national level training often involves Canada-U.S. cross-border exercises once a year. We're part of Operation Nanook by the Canadian Forces and the military in the north every summer. There are other international training exercises for chemical, biological, radiological—CBR and E—events.
There are also lower-level responses. For example, there have been training exercises in Toronto for bomb threats in subways, or in Montreal there have been some. Then there is local-level training; fire departments and first responders receive that type of training.
The short answer is that training is integrated into the approach, because it goes to the federal emergency response plan, it goes to the government operations centre, and in fact it can go to the senior decision making at a national level.