I can give four examples of metadata retention that are helpful for law enforcement in an investigation. One is Internet transmission data, which includes time-stamps, IP addresses and device identifiers. As you can appreciate, we don't start an investigation immediately when something happens. When something happens and there's online activity, there generally needs to be a report made and an investigation generated. If we're looking to get metadata, there has to be a judicial authorization; there's criminality involved, and there are victims involved at the front end of this. By the time we get to the point where we're seeking the metadata, it's to try to link people to places. That's Internet transmission data.
Tower signalling data is also helpful to locate folks at a point in time when there is an offence that happened or a call, if it's a kidnapping or something, where we need to find the location of somebody who had a vehicle or a phone at a certain time.
