There are a few areas. The first is when it comes to the entire powertrain integration. The battery pack, electric motors and DC-DC converters—all of these units are an integrated platform. This is where China has an edge, I would say, compared to North American manufacturers.
There is another area as well, which is the second life. After these electric vehicle batteries have aged, we need to take these battery packs and repurpose them. They still have enough life to be used for a stationary application. That's another key research area as well.
