That's a good question.
In a nutshell, if I want to be very frank, it's a lack of absorptive capacity on the private sector side. Business R and D in this country is really low. The size of our firms compared to those in the U.S. is tilted on the small side. We don't have enough large firms that do R and D at scale.
Just to give you a stat, Madam Chair, 17% of Canadian manufacturing exports are considered high tech. That's compared to about 30% in the U.S. In other words, we can produce the best inventions and innovations, but if that's not captured on the private sector side, we're not going to get the benefits on the innovation and productivity side.
This is why I speak about interfaces and pathways. Unless we connect all these things together, we're not going to get the results that we need for this country.