I'll continue with the Quebec example you mentioned. You said it well: Quebec was a driving force in the pharmaceutical industry. We recall a number of pharmaceutical giants closing up in the early 2000s. Labs were closed down and we went through a brain drain as people left for other countries. We were able to retain a few experts in the ecosystem. However, during the COVID‑19 pandemic, Canada was entirely dependent on foreign partners. It remained the only G7 country unable to produce its own vaccine.
How do you perceive that? How can we prevent it from happening again? How can we develop real scientific and industrial independence?