Evidence of meeting #21 for Status of Women in the 40th Parliament, 3rd Session. (The original version is on Parliament’s site, as are the minutes.) The winning word was women.

On the agenda

MPs speaking

Also speaking

Tamara Polchies  Executive Director, Fredericton Native Friendship Centre
Tanna Pirie-Wilson  Female Aboriginal representative, National Aboriginal People's Circle, Public Service Alliance of Canada
Gail Nicholas  Vice-President, New Brunswick Aboriginal Women's Council Inc.
Sarah Rose  Representative, New Brunswick Aboriginal Women's Council Inc.
Natalie McBride  Executive Director, Gignoo Transition House Inc.
Sandra Gruescu  Committee Researcher
Julie Cool  Committee Researcher
Angela Crandall  Procedural Clerk
Melissa Cooke  Women's Shelter Coordinator, Lennox Island First Nation
Roseanne Sark  Director of Health Program, Mi'kmaq Confederacy of Prince Edward Island
Sheila Robinson  President, Newfoundland Aboriginal Women's Network

10:55 a.m.

Conservative

Rob Clarke Conservative Desnethé—Missinippi—Churchill River, SK

My name is Rob Clarke. I'm from northern Saskatchewan, from the riding of Desnethé—Missinippi—Churchill River. I'm the only first nations member in the House of Commons. I would say that about 72% of my riding is aboriginal.

I also sit on the aboriginal affairs committee, and I think I've seen you at one of the committee meetings, possibly. I just can't recall which hearing we were having.

Kelly and I are both substituting for other MPs. What you're going to say here is probably going to help me on my committee as well, on aboriginal affairs. There seem to be a lot of issues bridging the committees, the same issues from committee to committee. I'm hoping some of the testimony you will provide us with today can be taken back to our regular committees as well.

10:55 a.m.

Bloc

Nicole Demers Bloc Laval, QC

Hi. I'm Nicole Demers, member of Parliament for Laval, Quebec. I'm Bloc Québécois, and I'm very happy to be here. Thank you.

10:55 a.m.

Liberal

The Chair Liberal Hedy Fry

Does anyone want to start asking questions? Is there any discussion to begin? Does anyone want to kickstart it?

10:55 a.m.

Conservative

Kelly Block Conservative Saskatoon—Rosetown—Biggar, SK

Sure.

As I said, I'm not typically a member of this committee, but I've had an opportunity this past week to travel with the committee on this study. We were in Iqaluit and Labrador City earlier this week.

A lot of similar issues were identified, regardless of the region we were in. We have similar issues in Saskatchewan: a large geographic area and a number of first nations in our communities. Rob didn't mention that his riding of Desnethé—Missinippi—Churchill River covers two-thirds our province. Most of our aboriginal population live in that riding. However, I have a large population of aboriginal people living in the urban part of my riding.

I've heard an awful lot this week about the need to address the issue of jurisdiction and whose responsibility it is to provide services and ensure there is adequate funding in place to address the issues you and others have identified this week.

I truly believe it is our role at the federal level to articulate a vision for all Canadians on the health, welfare, well-being, and quality of life we experience in our country, recognizing that we have a very diverse population and that nations within our nation have values and cultures that need to be respected.

I also believe we need to work with the provinces and territories to establish some guiding principles that will help us in determining the partnership we will have in responding to the issues and needs that have been identified at the local level. That's where organizations like yours come in. You're at the front line. You are dealing with our population and providing services. You're the boots on the ground, so to speak, seeing things on a daily basis. So we really rely on opportunities to hear from your organizations to help us, at what feels like a really high level sometimes, address these issues.

It was mentioned in our last panel that there is an Atlantic approach, to some degree, in addressing issues within the aboriginal communities. That might even be borne out here this morning, seeing that we have representatives from Prince Edward Island and Newfoundland here in New Brunswick.

Can you tell me how that plays itself out? In the work you're doing and the kinds of partnerships you have with organizations in other provinces, is there more of an Atlantic approach compared to a provincial approach?

11 a.m.

Director of Health Program, Mi'kmaq Confederacy of Prince Edward Island

Roseanne Sark

I always believe in working together with other groups, because the way I see it, in numbers there is more progress.

At one point in time, because I have a background in working on family violence prevention, I had the opportunity to work with the Muriel McQueen Fergusson Centre for Family Violence Research. One of the ways I got involved in working with them was in attending a session that they were holding, a workshop. They were talking about the research they were doing on women living with violence in rural and isolated areas. They were doing research and I commented about aboriginal women and their approach, because they were looking at it from the perspective of a prism. It was a prism model they were going to use, different lenses of violence. You may be able to refer to it on their website.

One of the things I referred to was that aboriginal women have evolved from a culture of their own, from a society they knew so well. Through the evolution of colonization, things changed for the women and they were able to adapt easily, based on just their nature of accepting another society. So I talked a little bit about the perspective of aboriginal women, where they're coming from and how that has evolved, from that lens, which is living close to the land and living in sync with the seasons. Today, that is still within them and how they see.

Today's life and today's reality is in upheaval. Those things that used to come so nicely for them, their living in harmony, are not harmonious any more, because they've moved from a matriarchal society to a patriarchal society and they have to live with what we now have.

Well, they don't necessarily have to. They have a choice to embrace who they are as aboriginal women. They can embrace the identity they have. There are still some teachings happening today that allow that, and I think those kinds of cultural teachings still need to continue so they can seek that balance.

The balance is not just with their culture, it's about adapting. We've adapted to what we have today. That adaptation is about the things we can live with, those great things that are being offered to our communities, and based on the hard work that organizations are doing.

I was involved with that research and I was able to bring a perspective and speak to how we can evaluate from an aboriginal perspective the programs being offered within the community. If you look at the program being offered, is it meeting our needs? Is it meeting the needs of the aboriginal population? Whenever they're designed or whoever designs them, is it looking at it through that lens of the aboriginal community?

We're looking at many different aspects of safety for women and at the makeup of our communities. The makeup of our communities was your culture, your community, your school, all of your environments that make up a community. It was a really good project that I was involved with.

In terms of other Atlantic approaches, in terms of health, we take a look at all areas. I'm involved with the Mi'kmaq and Maliseet Atlantic Health Board, and that health board looks at all areas relating to health. Mental health is one of the priority areas. In terms of taking a look at that, we've done our environmental scans and they're Atlantic. A number of initiatives are Atlantic. But there are some challenges as well in terms of trying to reach everyone, because Newfoundland and Labrador sometimes get left out. I can also speak of P.E.I. as well in terms of how things that get developed on a national level don't always get the perspective of P.E.I. or Newfoundland. I think that needs to be looked at.

One of our health technicians--and this is an example--goes to the AFN, or other groups that talk about national frameworks, and they go representing P.E.I. But my concern is, does this person really know what's going on in P.E.I.? And who better yet to speak on behalf of P.E.I. than P.E.I.? I think that in itself should be looked at, because they're closer to the concerns and issues that are going on within the province.

So in respect to the Aboriginal Women's Association, we have it covered because we have the Aboriginal Women's Association of P.E.I., but then we're taking a look at other aspects relating to wellness. Health is a big piece of it. So health always gets talked about. Health is part of your balance. Health means a lot.

When I do my work, I always look at things in a holistic fashion, and I am a big advocate of the medicine wheel. The medicine wheel is about that, your well-being. You have your individual self's balance, you have your family's balance, you have your community's balance, and then you have your broader society, and how those communicate with each other is determined by how we work well together.

I think working well jointly is something that we really need to encourage within the provinces. I think it's great.

11:10 a.m.

Conservative

Kelly Block Conservative Saskatoon—Rosetown—Biggar, SK

If I could just follow up on--

11:10 a.m.

Liberal

The Chair Liberal Hedy Fry

We need to move along. Thank you.

Melissa and Sheila, do you have anything you want to add to what Roseanne just said?

11:10 a.m.

Women's Shelter Coordinator, Lennox Island First Nation

Melissa Cooke

A little.

11:10 a.m.

Liberal

The Chair Liberal Hedy Fry

Go for it.

11:10 a.m.

Women's Shelter Coordinator, Lennox Island First Nation

Melissa Cooke

As far as an Atlantic approach is concerned, we're a fairly new shelter. We've been open for three years. In the very beginning, we visited shelters in New Brunswick and Nova Scotia to see what their policies and procedures were. Some of the things may not work in our community, but we'd have to assess that and make decisions.

Another thing is we have gotten a few referrals from New Brunswick and Nova Scotia for safety. Women have come to P.E.I. and worked on themselves and decided that they wanted to go back to their reserve. There are partnerships in place.

11:10 a.m.

President, Newfoundland Aboriginal Women's Network

Sheila Robinson

It's interesting that you say “Atlantic approach”, because we've really been isolated in Newfoundland. I say Newfoundland as separate from Labrador. Part of the issue is that we're still not status, not considered status, and we're evolving to the point where women are understanding that you don't need to carry your birth certificate to know that you're alive. Nor do you need that status card to know you're aboriginal. That's a really new thing for us.

There is an organization, the Newfoundland Native Women's Association, which is linked to NWAC, but we were finding that it was not reaching out into the communities. I personally wrote two letters to that organization asking to join and didn't get a response. There are lots of stories like that. Without getting too political, we decided, well, let's form our own organization.

We're looking to reach out as much as possible. I think what we're probably going to do is go into Labrador. Patty Pottle, the Minister of Aboriginal Affairs, is very familiar with the work we're doing and has asked us personally if we could come. We're getting tremendous financial support from our provincial government. In the current budget, they gave us $100,000 in operating funds, which is unheard of, because that's not project funding; that's money we can operate with.

We are partnering within our own province with women's centres, the RCMP, family resource centres, and so on. We're partnering with Conne River, which is the only reserve on the island part of the province. That is working, but we still have a way to go before we connect with our sisters in the other provinces. We're very much looking forward to that.

11:10 a.m.

Bloc

The Acting Chair Bloc Nicole Demers

Kelly, you had another question?

11:10 a.m.

Conservative

Kelly Block Conservative Saskatoon—Rosetown—Biggar, SK

Yes.

Just as follow-up to what you have shared, I certainly think there was wisdom in determining to come out to Atlantic Canada to talk about the issues you're facing and the solutions, because it seems to me that with smaller populations there should be some strategies you find work really well. I'm glad you touched upon some of the partnerships you've been a part of, Sheila.

I'm wondering if you could highlight any success stories taking place here in Atlantic Canada, about individuals or groups we can learn from. Are there any successful models that we can use throughout the rest of Canada?

11:15 a.m.

President, Newfoundland Aboriginal Women's Network

Sheila Robinson

I'll start.

I think the work that the Newfoundland Aboriginal Women's Network is doing in our violence prevention initiative using a train-the-trainer approach is a success story. We're hearing from the women that there's a lot of empowerment. Many of the women who came and agreed to become trainers didn't have formal education. They had never facilitated. Many of them were victims of violence themselves and have lived a lifetime of abuse. In 14 months, we saw these women grow as if we had planted them in fertile soil. They became stronger communicators, stronger leaders. They were willing to go back into their communities and share what they'd learned.

One of the individuals just went to a workshop in Nova Scotia on starting a business. Several of them have gone back to school and have successfully completed formal training and are now working full-time. They've found their voice.

As I slipped in earlier this morning, I heard that cultural revitalization was being alluded to as being very important. And it is very important. There are women who have never heard or held a drum, who have never participated in a sweetgrass ceremony, and suddenly they are gathering in circles. Because of the work we're doing, schools are calling and asking us to come out. Seniors centres are asking us to come out. Community groups are asking us to come and share. The culture is now something we can be proud of. We turn to it. We always ask what our culture tells us, what we should do. We go to our elders and ask, rather than trying to find solutions out of a dictionary or off a Google search. We go to our elders and ask how we can do it. We sit in circle. If there's an issue, we sit in a circle and talk it through, and it works.

I'm very proud to say that I think we have a model solution.

11:15 a.m.

Women's Shelter Coordinator, Lennox Island First Nation

Melissa Cooke

One of the examples was very similar around our support group for women who experience violence. It was well attended, and I think it was because there was an elder in the group. The women were very involved in learning about the cultural component and having the teachings.

11:15 a.m.

Liberal

The Chair Liberal Hedy Fry

Roseanne.

11:15 a.m.

Director of Health Program, Mi'kmaq Confederacy of Prince Edward Island

Roseanne Sark

One of the things that has been working well for me is relationship building in terms of the work we do with the residential school survivors program. We attended an Indian residential schools front-line workers conference. It was for front-line workers who are working with survivors. A number of us were there from P.E.I., so we decided what we can do in P.E.I.

What we came up with was that we can create a working group that can address many of the impacts that survivors will be faced with, knowing they have different needs. Some might have violence concerns, some might have financial concerns, different areas that needed to be looked at.

We do have the police involved--not just the RCMP, but the city police as well, because of the urban population. We have the Native Women's Association at the table, we have the Native Council at the table, and we're also at the table. Because we have a program, we administer the operations of the committee, so we often develop a work plan together, because we're all coming from different perspectives, right?

This is working. We're still in operation. We're making progress. We're developing a resource guide for front-line workers that they would use as a guide for any survivors who might come looking for assistance. And I think that concept can be used in other areas--violence against aboriginal women, it can fit anywhere. It's all about relationship building, taking a look at the gaps we're faced with. We can have a frank discussion with the RCMP and tell them what's happening in our community. What can you do for us, or what can we do together?

So we worked on some projects. We did cultural awareness training with the RCMP. We designed it so they could understand the impacts aboriginal people are facing within the community. We find it's working really well. It's sometimes slow progress, but we are getting some work done.

It's a proactive group, and it's being inclusive to different groups. I think that's one area of a successful model.

11:20 a.m.

Liberal

The Chair Liberal Hedy Fry

Thank you.

Nicole.

11:20 a.m.

Bloc

Nicole Demers Bloc Laval, QC

Madam Chair, thank you.

Thank you so very much for being here.

I listened quite carefully to what you've all said and I retained three things: we must work together, men and women must work together, going back to the grassroots, and listening to the elders.

We've seen a trend of change, more out west though, of women being elected chiefs of their communities, and I was wondering if the same thing was happening in the eastern part of Canada. We've seen Madam Archambault in Rivière-du-Loup being elected chief of the Maliseet nation. Do you believe it would make a change if more elected chiefs were women?

Sheila, I was shocked when you said Mr. Smallwood said there were no Indians at all in Newfoundland in 1949 when they signed the Constitution. How many aboriginal people were living on the island at that time?

11:20 a.m.

President, Newfoundland Aboriginal Women's Network

Sheila Robinson

I can't tell you how many were living there then, but I can tell you that the Federation of Newfoundland Indians is in the process of forming the Qalipu Mi'Kmaq First Nation Band and that it may take place this year. It looks like there will be upwards of 30,000 members when that new band is formed.

11:20 a.m.

Bloc

Nicole Demers Bloc Laval, QC

So 30,000. It's quite interesting to hear something like that and to know that someone just....

11:20 a.m.

President, Newfoundland Aboriginal Women's Network

Sheila Robinson

At the stroke of a pen.

11:20 a.m.

Bloc

Nicole Demers Bloc Laval, QC

Could you also please comment on what I said about women chiefs and all of that?

11:20 a.m.

President, Newfoundland Aboriginal Women's Network

Sheila Robinson

We don't have an official band yet to represent us, so we haven't had that election. Within the non-status bands, there are some women who are chiefs. Man, woman, child, elder, if their heart is pure and they have the best interests of the people in mind and they talk to the grassroots, then they will be a good leader. Being a woman or a man is just one of the categories, not necessarily the most important one. It's if they fit the other categories that matters. That's my personal belief.

11:20 a.m.

Director of Health Program, Mi'kmaq Confederacy of Prince Edward Island

Roseanne Sark

We do have a woman chief, and soon there's going to be an election and her contender is another woman. So I believe it is true that it doesn't matter if you're a male or female. But women have a sensitivity to the issue. They may even have encountered the issue of violence in their lifetime. Overcoming those issues is an example of leadership and showing that you can be empowered, that you can move ahead, and that you can stand up for your community. It shows great leadership and great mentorship. That's how I see it.